Pheromones and Semiochemicals of genus, Harmonia (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

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Semiochemicals of Genus Harmonia

Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Uniramia
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Coccinellidae
Subfamily:	Coccinellinae
Tribe:	Coccinellini

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Semiochemical(s):

Harmonia axyridis Pallas

Leroy PD

2012

Insect Sci.

19:

372

alpha-pinene

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

A �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

beta-pinene

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

4aS7S7aR-nepetalactone

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

E-beta-farnesene

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Geiselhardt SF

2011

Chemoecology

21:

181

21Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Freiburg, Germany

18Ac

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

22Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2me-22Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta13-23Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta9-23Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta5-23Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

23Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

7me-23Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2me-23Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

3me-23Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

24Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta9-25Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta7-25Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

25Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

7me-25Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2me-25Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

3me-25Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

26Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta9-27Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

27Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta9-29Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

29Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

30Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta9-31Hy

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Rodriguez-Saona C

2011

Biol. Control

59:

294

methyl salicylate

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

A �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

L �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

New Jersey, USA

Bernardi O

2010

Ci�ncia Flor.

20:

579

ethyl alcohol

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

A �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

L �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Brazil

Verheggen FJ

2007

J. Chem. Ecol.

33:

2148

beta-caryophyllene

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Agg. pheromone

Brown AE

2006

J. Chem. Ecol.

32:

2489

beta-caryophyllene

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Cudjoe E

2005

Analyst

130:

152

2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Riddick EW

2004

J. Entomol. Sci.

39:

373

DEET

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

Al �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Repellent

Alam N

2002a

Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.

23:

497

S-3-hydroxypiperidin-2-one

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

Al �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

harmonine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Harmonia conformis Boisduval

King GA

1996

Chem. Rev.

96:

1105

harmonine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

Al �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

Braconnier MF

1985

Experientia

41:

519

harmonine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

Al �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

Harmonia quadripunctata Pontoppidan

King GA

1996

Chem. Rev.

96:

1105

harmonine

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

Al �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

Reference(s):

Leroy, P.D., Schillings, T., Farmakidis, J., Heuskin, S., Lognay, G., Verheggen, F.J., Brostaux, Y., Haubruge, E., and Francis, F. 2012. Testing semiochemicals from aphid, plant and conspecific: attraction of Harmonia axyridis. Insect Sci. 19:372-382.

Geiselhardt, S.F., Geiselhardt, S., and Peschke, K. 2011. Congruence of epicuticular hydrocarbons and tarsal secretions as a principle in beetles. Chemoecology. 21:181-186.

Rodr�guez-Saona, C., Kaplan, I., Braasch, J., Chinnasamy, D., and Williams, L., III. 2011. Field responses of predaceous arthropods to methyl salicylate: a meta-analysis and case study in cranberries. Biol. Control. 59:294-303.

Bernardi, O., Garcia, M.S., Silva, E.J.E., Zazycki, L.C.F., Bernardi, D., Miorelli, D., Ramiro, G.A., and Finkenauer, E. 2010. Coleoptera collected with light traps and ethanol traps in plantation of Eucalyptus spp. in the south of the state Rio Grande do Sul. Ci�ncia Flor. 20:579-588.

Verheggen, F.J., Fagel, Q., Heuskin, S., Lognay, G., Francis, F., and Haubruge, E. 2007. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, to sesquiterpene semiochemicals. J. Chem. Ecol. 33:2148-2155.

Brown, A.E., Riddick, E.W., and Aldrich, J.R. 2006. Identification of (-)-�-caryophyllene as a generder-specific terpene produced by the multicolored Asian lady beetle. J. Chem. Ecol. 32:2489-2499.

Cudjoe, E., Wiederkehr, T.B., and Brindle, I.D. 2005. Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: a fast approach to the identification and determination of 2-alkyl-3- methoxypyrazine pheromones in ladybugs. Analyst. 130:152-155.

Riddick, E.W., Aldrich, J.R., and Davis, J.C. 2004. DEET repels Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) adults in laboratory bioassays. J. Entomol. Sci. 39:373-386.

Alam, N., Choi, I.-S., Song, K.-S., Hong, J., Lee, C.-O., and Jung, J.-H. 2002a. A new alkaloid from two coccinellid beetles Harmonia axyridis and Aiolocaria hexaspilota. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 23:497-499.

King, G.A., and Meinwald, J. 1996. Review of the defensive chemistry of coccinellids. Chem. Rev. 96:1105-1122.

Braconnier, M.F., Braekman, J.-C., Dal�ze, D., and Pasteels, J.M. 1985. (Z)-1,17-diaminooctadec-9-ene, a novel aliphatic diamine from Coccinellidae. Experientia. 41:519-520.

Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2024 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
Page created on 28-July-2024