Pheromones and Semiochemicals of Tityus serrulatus (Scorpiones: Buthidae), the Brazilian yellow scorpion

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Semiochemicals of Tityus serrulatus, the Brazilian yellow scorpion

Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Scorpiones
Family:	Buthidae
Subfamily:	Tityinae
Genus:	Tityus
Tribe:
Author:	Lutz & Mello

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Semiochemical(s):

Novello JC

1999

Toxicon

37:

651

TsTX-IV

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Brazil

Sampaio SV

1996

Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int.

29:

729

TsTX-VI

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

S�o Paulo, Brazil

Chavez-Olortegui CA

1996

Fondation Marcel M�rieux, Lyon

183

TsNTxP

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Brazil

Legros C

1996

FEBS Lett.

390:

Ts kappa

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Marangoni S

1995

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1243:

309

TsTXV

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

S�o Paulo, Brazil

Martin-Eauclaire MF

1994

FEBS Lett.

342:

181

Ts III

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Ts IV

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Ts V

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Rogowski RS

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA

91:

1475

TsTX-K alpha

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Brazil

TsTX-K beta

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Martin-Eauclaire MF

1992

FEBS Lett.

302:

220

Ts VII

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Possani LD

1991

J. Biol. Chem.

266:

3178

Ts2

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Mexico

Ts3

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Marangoni S

1990

J. Protein Chem.

595

TsTXVI

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

S�o Paulo, Brazil

Martin MF

1985

Toxicon

23:

594

Ts I

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Brazil

Ts II

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Ts III

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Ts IV

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Ts V

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Ts VI

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Ts VII

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Ts VIII

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Bechis G

1984

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

122:

1146

Ts VII

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Ovchinnikov YA

1984

Pure Appl. Chem.

56:

1049

Ts gamma

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Uzbekistan, Central Asia

Possani LD

1981b

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

46:

195

toxin II-11

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

S�o Paulo, Brazil

toxin III-10

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

toxin III-8

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

toxin IV-5

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Possani LD

1977

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

180:

394

Ts gamma

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Welsh JH

1963

Toxicon

165

serotonin

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Brazil

Reference(s):

Novello, J.C., Arantes, E.C., Varanda, W.A., Oliveira, B., Giglio, J.R., and Marangoni, S. 1999. TsTX-IV, a short chain four-disulfide-bridged neurotoxin from Tityus serrulatus venom which acts on Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Toxicon. 37:651-660.

Chavez-Ol�rtegui, C.A., Moreira Ferreira, M., Nascimento Cordeiro, M., Maria, W.S., Richardson, M., and Diniz, C.R. 1996. Immunological and chemical properties of non-toxic protein purified from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus (Lutz and Mello-Campos, 1922). In: Envenomings and their treatments, eds. Bon, C., and Goyffon, M. Fondation Marcel M�rieux, Lyon. :183-195.

Legros, C., Oughuideni, R., Darbon, H., Rochat, H., Bougis, P.E., and Martin-Eauclaire, M.F. 1996. Characterization of a new peptide from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom which is a ligand of the apamin binding site. FEBS Lett. 390:81-84.

Sampaio, S.V., Coutinho-Netto, J., Arantes, E.C., Marangoni, S., Oliveira, B., and Giglio, J.R. 1996. Isolation of toxin TsTX-VI from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. Effects on the release of neurotransmitters from synaptosomes. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 39:729-740.

Marangoni, S., Toyama, M.H., Arantes, E.C., Giglio, J.R., da Silva, C.A., Carneiro, E.M., Goncalves, A.A., and Oliveira, B. 1995. Amino-acid sequence of TsTX-V, an alpha-toxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom, and its effect on K1 permeability of beta-cells from isolated rat slets of Langerhans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1243:309-314.

Martin-Eauclaire, M.F., Ceard, B., Ribeiro, A.M., Diniz, C.R., Rochat, H., and Bougis, P.E. 1994. Biochemical, pharmacological and genomic characterisation of Ts IV, an alpha-toxin from the venom of the South American scorpion Tityus serrulatus. FEBS Lett. 342:181-184.

Rogowski, R.S., Krueger, B.K., Collins, J.H., and Blaustein, M.P. 1994. Tityustoxin K alpha blocks voltage-gated noninactivating K+ channels and unblocks inactivating K+ channels blocked by alpha-dendrotoxin in synaptosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1475-1479.

Martin-Eauclaire, M.F., Ceard, B., Ribeiro, A.M., Diniz, C.R., Rochat, H., and Bougis, P.E. 1992. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding the main betaneurotoxin from the venom of the South American scorpion Tityus serrulatus. FEBS Lett. 302:220-222.

Possani, L.D., Martin, B.M., Fletcher, M.D., and Fletcher, P.L. 1991. Discharge effects on pancreatic exocrine secretion produced by toxins purified from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. J. Biol. Chem. 266:3178-3185.

Marangoni, S., Ghiso, J., Sampaio, S.V., Arantes, E.C., Giglio, J.R., Oliveira, B., and Frangione, B. 1990. The complete amino acid sequence of toxin TsTx-VI isolated from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus. J. Protein Chem. 9:595-601.

Martin, M.F., Garcia Y Perez, L.G., El Ayeb, M., Kopeyan, C., Bechis, G., and Rochat, H. 1985. Purification and characterization of eight toxins from the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus. Toxicon. 23:594.

Bechis, G., Sampieri, F., Yuan, P.-H., Brando, T., Martin, M. F., Diniz, C. R., and Rochat, H. 1984. Amino acid sequence of toxin VII, A �-toxin from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122:1146-1153.

Ovchinnikov, Y.A. 1984. Bioorganic chemistry of polypeptide neurotoxins. Pure Appl. Chem. 56:1049-1068.

Possani, L.D., Martin, B.M., Mochca-Morales, J., and Svendsen, I. 1981b. Purification and chemical characterization of the major toxins from the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus (Lutz and Mello). Carlsberg Res. Commun. 46:195-205.

Possani, L.D., Alagon, A.C., Fletcher Jr, P.L., and Erickson, B.W. 1977. Purification and properties of mammalian toxins from the venom of Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus (Lutz and Mello). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 180:394-403.

Welsh, J.H., and Batty, C.S. 1963. 5-hydroxytryptamine content of some arthropod venoms and venom-containing parts. Toxicon. 1:165-170.

Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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