Pheromones and Semiochemicals of Karenia mikimotoi (Gymnodiniales: Kareniaceae)

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Semiochemicals of Karenia mikimotoi

Phylum:	Myzozoa
Subphylum:	Dinozoa
Class:	Dinophyceae
Order:	Gymnodiniales
Family:	Kareniaceae
Subfamily:
Genus:	Karenia
Tribe:
Author:	Miyake, Kominami & Oda

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Semiochemical(s):

Tanaka Y

2013

Heterocycles

87:

2037

gymnocin A carboxylic acid

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Kushimoto Bay, Wakayama, Japan

gymnocin A2

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Tsukano C

2006

Tetrahedron Lett.

47:

6803

gymnocin A

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Japan

Satake M

2005

Tetrahedron Lett.

46:

3537

gymnocin B

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Kushimoto Bay, Wakayama, Japan

Satake M

2002

Tetrahedron Lett.

43:

5829

gymnocin A

�Relative ratio of the component�

�(*) indicates that compound is active�

P �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

�Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

�Amount

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Kushimoto Bay, Wakayama, Japan

Reference(s):

Tanaka, Y., Satake, M., Yotsu-Yamashita, M., and Oshima, Y. 2013. Gymnocin-A carboxylic acid and gymnocin-A2, cytotoxic polyethers from the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. Heterocycles. 87:2037-2046.

Tsukano, C., and Sasaki, M. 2006. Structure�activity relationship studies of gymnocin-A. Tetrahedron Lett. 47:6803-6807.

Satake, M., Tanaka, Y., Ishikura, Y., Oshima, Y., Naoki, H., and Yasumoto, T. 2005. Gymnocin-B with the largest contiguous polyether rings from the red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia (formerly Gymnodinium) mikimotoi. Tetrahedron Lett. 46:3537-3540.

Satake, M., Shoji, M., Oshima, Y., Naoki, H., Fujita, T., and Yasumoto, T. 2002. Gymnocin-A, a cytotoxic polyether from the notorious red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium mikimotoi. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:5829-5832.

Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2025 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
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