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« Previous SpeciesMytilus edulis    Next SpeciesMytilus galloprovincialis »

Semiochemicals of Mytilus edulis, the Common blue mussel

Phylum:  Mollusca
Subphylum:  Conchifera
Class:  Bivalvia
Order:  Mytilida
Family:  Mytilidae
Subfamily:  Mytilinae
Genus:  Mytilus
Tribe:  
Author:  Linnaeus
¦
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Image: Google
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Biology: Google
Distribution: Google
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Semiochemical(s):

  Boundy MJ  2020  Toxins  12: 512   
    TTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		New Zealand 
 
  Kilcoyne J  2018  J. Nat. Prod.  81: 885   
    AZA26    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Gerssen A  2018  Toxins  10: 450   
    TTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Netherland 
 
  Han C  2018  J. Coast. Res.  83: 380   
    TTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, China 
 
  Turner AD  2017  Mar. Drugs  15: 277   
    TTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		UK 
 
  Turner AD  2015  Eurosurveill.  20: 21009   
    TTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		English Channel, UK 
    4,9-anhydroTTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    4-epiTTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    5,6,11-trideoxyTTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Kilcoyne J  2012  J. Agric. Food Chem.  60: 2447   
    AZA6    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Bruckless, Donegal, Ireland 
    AZA1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    AZA3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    AZA2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Rundberget T  2011  Toxicon  58: 700   
    PnTX G    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Norway 
    SPX C    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    iso-SPX C    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    13-desmethyl-SPX C    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    13,19-didesmethyl-SPX C    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    20me-SPX G    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Deeds J  2008  Mar. Drugs  5: 308   
    STX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		New England, USA 
 
  Vershinin A  2006  Harmful Algae  5: 558   
    YTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea, Russia 
    DTX1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    okadaic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    PTX-2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    PTX2-SA    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    7-epi-PTX2-SA    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    45-hydroxyYTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    carboxyYTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Wilkins AL  2006  J. Agric. Food Chem.  54: 5672   
    PTX2-SA    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Castletownbere, County Cork, Ireland 
    7-epi-PTX2-SA    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    37-O-acyl PTX2-SA    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    11-O-acyl PTX2-SA    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    33-O-acyl PTX2-SA    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Finch SC  2005  Toxicon  46: 160   
    YTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Norway & Canada 
    45-hydroxyYTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    carboxyYTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    44R,S,55-dihydroxyYTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Samdal IA  2005  Toxicon  46: 7   
    YTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Flødevigen Bay, Arendal, Norway 
    carboxyYTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    45-hydroxyYTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Miles CO  2004c  Chem. Res. Toxicol.  17: 1423   
    36S-PTX-12    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Stryn, Norway 
    36R-PTX-12    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    PTX-12-SA    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    PTX2-SA    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    PTX-2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    okadaic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    DTX1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  James KJ  2003a  Toxicon  41: 277   
    AZA7    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Arranmore Island, Ireland 
    AZA8    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    AZA9    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    AZA10    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    AZA11    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Michaud S  2002  Toxicon  40: 1451   
    GTX 1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		St. Lawrence River, Québec, Canada 
    GTX 2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    GTX 3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    GTX 4    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    toxin C1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    toxin C2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    neoSTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    STX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    toxin C3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    toxin C4    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    GTX 5    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    GTX 6    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  James KJ  2002  Toxicon  40: 909   
    AZA1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Craster, UK & Sognefjord, Norway 
    AZA3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    AZA2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Ofuji K  2001  Biosci. Biotechn. Biochem.  65: 740   
    AZA4    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Arranmore Island, Ireland 
    AZA5    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Ramstad H  2001  Toxicon  39: 1035   
    YTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Sognefjord, Norway 
 
  Ofuji K  1999  Nat. Toxins  7: 99   
    AZA2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Arranmore Island, Ireland 
    AZA3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Korotchenko OD  1999  Chem. Nat. Comp.  35: 612   
    PGB2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Russia 
 
  Satake M  1998a  J. Am. Chem. Soc.  120: 9967   
    AZA1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Killary Harbor, Ireland 
 
  Daiguji M  1998a  Nat. Toxins  6: 235   
    cooliatoxin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Skjer, Sognefjord, Norway 
 
  James KJ  1997b  Toxicon  35: 973   
    DTX-2B    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		County Cork, Ireland 
 
  Yasumoto T  1997  Biosci. Biotechn. Biochem.  61: 1775   
    YTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Oginohama, Miyagi, Japan 
    45-hydroxyYTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Yasumoto T  1997  Biosci. Biotechn. Biochem.  61: 1775   
    YTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Oginohama, Miyagi, Japan 
 
  Hu T  1996b  Tetrahedron Lett.  37: 7671   
    SPX E    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Nova Scotia, Canada 
    SPX F    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    SPX A    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    SPX B    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    SPX C    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    SPX D    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Kelly SS  1996  J. Chromatogr. A  749: 33   
    DTX2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Ireland 
 
  Hu T  1995c  J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm.  1995: 2159   
    SPX B    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Nova Scotia, Canada 
    SPX D    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Taylor SW  1994  J. Am. Chem. Soc.  116: 10803   
    2S3R4S-3,4-dihydroxyproline    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		USA 
 
  Asakawa M  1993  J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn.  34: 50   
    GTX 1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan 
    GTX 2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    GTX 3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    GTX 4    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    toxin C1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    toxin C2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    STX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Lee JS  1992  Bull. Korean Fish. Soc.  25: 923   
    GTX 1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Jinhai Bay, Korea 
    GTX 2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    GTX 3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    GTX 4    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    toxin C1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    toxin C2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    STX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    neoSTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    dcGTX 3    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    dcGTX 2    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Madhyastha MS  1991  Aquat. Toxicol.  12: 512   
    kainic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Prince Edward Island, Canada 
    l-glutamic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Wright JLC  1990  Can. J. Chem.  68: 22   
    isodomoic acid D    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Prince Edward Island, Canada 
    isodomoic acid F    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    isodomoic acid E    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Hertzberg S  1988  Acta Chem. Scand.  42: 495   
    beta-carotene    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    alloxanthin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    19'-hexanoyloxymytiloxanthin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    isomytiloxanthin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    mytiloxanthin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    peridinin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    fucoxanthin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    amarouciaxanthin B    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    anhydroamarouciaxanthin B    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    heteroxanthin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    hydratopyrrhoxanthinol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    pectenol B    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    crocoxanthin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    halocynthiaxanthin    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    peridinol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    pyrrhoxanthinol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthinol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    fucoxanthinol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Lee JS  1988  Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish.  54: 1953   
    okadaic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Arendal, Norway 
 
  Lee JS  1988  Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish.  54: 1953   
    DTX1    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Sogndal, Sognefjord, Norway 
    YTX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Zhukova NV  1986  Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B  83: 643   
    myristic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Posyet Bay, Japanese Sea 
    15Acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    palmitic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    palmitoleic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    Z9Z12-16Acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    Z10-17Acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    stearic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    oleic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    linoleic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    gamma-linolenic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    linolenic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    gondoic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    stearidonic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    Z11Z14-20Acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    Z8Z11Z14-20Acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    arachidonic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    delta7,13-22Acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    delta7,15-22Acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    timnodonic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    adrenic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    Z7Z10Z13Z16Z19-22Acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    clupanodonic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
    osbond acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Kumagai M  1986  Agric. Biol. Chem.  50: 2853   
    okadaic acid    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		France, Netherland, Spain & Sweden 
 
  Yamagishi T  1983  Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.  12: 83   
    musk xylene    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Tama River, Tokyo, Japan 
    musk ketone    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		 
 
  Quayle DB  1969  Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can.  168: 1   
    STX    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
  
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
  
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
   		Cosine Island, British Columbia, Canada 
 

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Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2025 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
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